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+/*
+     File: CAAtomic.h
+ Abstract: Part of CoreAudio Utility Classes
+  Version: 1.1
+ 
+ Disclaimer: IMPORTANT:  This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple
+ Inc. ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the following
+ terms, and your use, installation, modification or redistribution of
+ this Apple software constitutes acceptance of these terms.  If you do
+ not agree with these terms, please do not use, install, modify or
+ redistribute this Apple software.
+ 
+ In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and
+ subject to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive
+ license, under Apple's copyrights in this original Apple software (the
+ "Apple Software"), to use, reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple
+ Software, with or without modifications, in source and/or binary forms;
+ provided that if you redistribute the Apple Software in its entirety and
+ without modifications, you must retain this notice and the following
+ text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of the Apple Software.
+ Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Inc. may
+ be used to endorse or promote products derived from the Apple Software
+ without specific prior written permission from Apple.  Except as
+ expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express or
+ implied, are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to any
+ patent rights that may be infringed by your derivative works or by other
+ works in which the Apple Software may be incorporated.
+ 
+ The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis.  APPLE
+ MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION
+ THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND
+ OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS.
+ 
+ IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL
+ OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION,
+ MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED
+ AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),
+ STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ 
+ Copyright (C) 2014 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ 
+*/
+/*
+	This file implements all Atomic operations using Interlocked functions specified in
+	Winbase.h
+NOTE: According to Microsoft documentation, all Interlocked functions generates a
+full barrier. 
+	On Windows:
+	As the Interlocked functions returns the Old value, Extra checks and operations 
+	are made after the atomic operation to return value consistent with OSX counterparts.
+*/
+#ifndef __CAAtomic_h__
+#define __CAAtomic_h__
+
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	#include <windows.h>
+	#include <intrin.h>
+	#pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedOr)
+	#pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedAnd)
+#else
+	#include <CoreFoundation/CFBase.h>
+	#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
+#endif
+
+inline void CAMemoryBarrier() 
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	MemoryBarrier();
+#else
+	OSMemoryBarrier();
+#endif
+}
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicAdd32Barrier(SInt32 theAmt, volatile SInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	long lRetVal = InterlockedExchangeAdd((volatile long*)theValue, theAmt);
+	// InterlockedExchangeAdd returns the original value which differs from OSX version. 
+	// At this point the addition would have occured and hence returning the new value
+	// to keep it sync with OSX.
+	return lRetVal + theAmt;
+#else
+	return OSAtomicAdd32Barrier(theAmt, (volatile int32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicOr32Barrier(UInt32 theMask, volatile UInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	// InterlockedAnd macro is not defined in x86 platform, and hence using the intrinsic
+	// function instead.
+	long j = _InterlockedOr((volatile long*)theValue, theMask);
+	// _InterlockedOr returns the original value which differs from OSX version.
+	// Returning the new value similar to OSX
+	return (SInt32)(j | theMask);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicOr32Barrier(theMask, (volatile uint32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicAnd32Barrier(UInt32 theMask, volatile UInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+// InterlockedAnd macro is not defined in x86 platform, and hence using the intrinsic
+// function instead.
+	long j = _InterlockedAnd((volatile long*)theValue, theMask);
+	// _InterlockedAnd returns the original value which differs from OSX version.
+	// Returning the new value similar to OSX
+	return (SInt32)(j & theMask);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicAnd32Barrier(theMask, (volatile uint32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool CAAtomicCompareAndSwap32Barrier(SInt32 oldValue, SInt32 newValue, volatile SInt32 *theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	// InterlockedCompareExchange returns the old value. But we need to return bool value.
+	long lRetVal = InterlockedCompareExchange((volatile long*)theValue, newValue, oldValue);
+// Hence we check if the new value is set and if it is we return true else false.
+// If theValue is equal to oldValue then the swap happens. Otherwise swap doesn't happen.
+	return (oldValue == lRetVal);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicCompareAndSwap32Barrier(oldValue, newValue, (volatile int32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicIncrement32(volatile SInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	return (SInt32)InterlockedIncrement((volatile long*)theValue);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicIncrement32((volatile int32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicDecrement32(volatile SInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	return (SInt32)InterlockedDecrement((volatile long*)theValue);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicDecrement32((volatile int32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicIncrement32Barrier(volatile SInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	return CAAtomicIncrement32(theValue);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicIncrement32Barrier((volatile int32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline SInt32 CAAtomicDecrement32Barrier(volatile SInt32* theValue)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	return CAAtomicDecrement32(theValue);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicDecrement32Barrier((volatile int32_t *)theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool CAAtomicTestAndClearBarrier(int bitToClear, void* theAddress)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	BOOL bOldVal = InterlockedBitTestAndReset((long*)theAddress, bitToClear);
+	return (bOldVal ? true : false);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicTestAndClearBarrier(bitToClear, (volatile void *)theAddress);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool CAAtomicTestAndClear(int bitToClear, void* theAddress)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	BOOL bOldVal = CAAtomicTestAndClearBarrier(bitToClear, (long*)theAddress);
+	return (bOldVal ? true : false);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicTestAndClear(bitToClear, (volatile void *)theAddress);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool CAAtomicTestAndSetBarrier(int bitToSet, void* theAddress)
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_WIN32
+	BOOL bOldVal = InterlockedBitTestAndSet((long*)theAddress, bitToSet);
+	return (bOldVal ? true : false);
+#else
+	return OSAtomicTestAndSetBarrier(bitToSet, (volatile void *)theAddress);
+#endif
+}
+
+// int32_t flavors -- for C++ only since we can't overload in C
+// CFBase.h defines SInt32 as signed int which is similar to int32_t. If CFBase.h is included, then
+// this will generate redefinition error. But on Mac, CFBase.h, still includes MacTypes.h where
+// SInt32 is defined as signed long so this would work there.
+// So in order to fix the redefinition errors, we define these functions only if MacTypes.h is included.
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__MACTYPES__) && !__LP64__
+inline int32_t CAAtomicAdd32Barrier(int32_t theAmt, volatile int32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicAdd32Barrier(theAmt, (volatile SInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline int32_t CAAtomicOr32Barrier(uint32_t theMask, volatile uint32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicOr32Barrier(theMask, (volatile UInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline int32_t CAAtomicAnd32Barrier(uint32_t theMask, volatile uint32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicAnd32Barrier(theMask, (volatile UInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline bool CAAtomicCompareAndSwap32Barrier(int32_t oldValue, int32_t newValue, volatile int32_t *theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicCompareAndSwap32Barrier(oldValue, newValue, (volatile SInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline int32_t CAAtomicIncrement32(volatile int32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicIncrement32((volatile SInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline int32_t CAAtomicDecrement32(volatile int32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicDecrement32((volatile SInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline int32_t CAAtomicIncrement32Barrier(volatile int32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicIncrement32Barrier((volatile SInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+
+inline int32_t CAAtomicDecrement32Barrier(volatile int32_t* theValue)
+{
+	return CAAtomicDecrement32Barrier((volatile SInt32 *)theValue);
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus && !__LP64__
+
+#if __LP64__
+inline bool CAAtomicCompareAndSwap64Barrier( int64_t __oldValue, int64_t __newValue, volatile int64_t *__theValue )
+{
+	return OSAtomicCompareAndSwap64Barrier(__oldValue, __newValue, __theValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool CAAtomicCompareAndSwapPtrBarrier(void *__oldValue, void *__newValue, volatile void ** __theValue)
+{
+#if __LP64__
+	return CAAtomicCompareAndSwap64Barrier((int64_t)__oldValue, (int64_t)__newValue, (int64_t *)__theValue);
+#else
+	return CAAtomicCompareAndSwap32Barrier((int32_t)__oldValue, (int32_t)__newValue, (int32_t *)__theValue);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Spinlocks.  These use memory barriers as required to synchronize access to shared
+ * memory protected by the lock.  The lock operation spins, but employs various strategies
+ * to back off if the lock is held, making it immune to most priority-inversion livelocks.
+ * The try operation immediately returns false if the lock was held, true if it took the
+ * lock.  The convention is that unlocked is zero, locked is nonzero.
+ */
+#define	CA_SPINLOCK_INIT    0
+
+typedef int32_t CASpinLock;
+
+bool    CASpinLockTry( volatile CASpinLock *__lock );
+void    CASpinLockLock( volatile CASpinLock *__lock );
+void    CASpinLockUnlock( volatile CASpinLock *__lock );
+
+inline void    CASpinLockLock( volatile CASpinLock *__lock )
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_MAC
+	OSSpinLockLock(__lock);
+#else
+	while (CAAtomicTestAndSetBarrier(0, (void*)__lock))
+		usleep(1000); // ???
+#endif
+}
+
+inline void    CASpinLockUnlock( volatile CASpinLock *__lock )
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_MAC
+	OSSpinLockUnlock(__lock);
+#else
+	CAAtomicTestAndClearBarrier(0, (void*)__lock);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool    CASpinLockTry( volatile CASpinLock *__lock )
+{
+#if TARGET_OS_MAC
+	return OSSpinLockTry(__lock);
+#else
+	return (CAAtomicTestAndSetBarrier(0, (void*)__lock) == 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+#endif // __CAAtomic_h__